Residential building simulation results compared against scorecards

usetype vintage fuel IECC_res_9-5 SangHoon simulation simulation.over.ref
MultiFamily 1981-2008 (2004) Electricity 0.183 NA 0.166 0.905
MultiFamily 1981-2008 (2004) Gas 0.194 NA 0.173 0.893
MultiFamily after 2008 (2013) Electricity 0.167 NA 0.149 0.894
MultiFamily after 2008 (2013) Gas 0.159 NA 0.148 0.929
MultiFamily before 1980 Electricity NA NA 0.219 NA
MultiFamily before 1980 Gas NA NA 0.215 NA
SingleFamily 1981-2008 (2004) Electricity 0.170 NA 0.102 0.600
SingleFamily 1981-2008 (2004) Gas 0.223 NA 0.125 0.562
SingleFamily after 2008 (2013) Electricity 0.141 NA 0.080 0.566
SingleFamily after 2008 (2013) Gas 0.141 NA 0.082 0.581
SingleFamily before 1980 Electricity NA 0.163 0.167 1.023
SingleFamily before 1980 Gas NA 0.138 0.154 1.120

From the comparison above with PNNL reference models and SangHoon’s model for the pre-1980 single-family homes, our simulation results are either equal or lower than the reference models.

According to this https://portfoliomanager.energystar.gov/pdf/reference/US%20National%20Median%20Table.pdf, Multifamily Housing has a site EUI of 59.6 kBtu/sqft, which is about 0.68 GJ/m2, about twice of the reference models and our simulation.

According to RECS West region energy usage in https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/c&e/pdf/ce2.5.pdf table and building size in https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/hc/php/hc10.5.php, the site electricity and gas consumption is as follows. The consumption are higher than the PNNL and our simulation results.

building.type Electricity.kBtu Gas.kBtu million.housing.units billion.sqft avg.building.sqft Electricity.GJ.per.m2 Gas.GJ.per.m2
Single-family detached 35200 49900 16.2 37.2 2296.296 0.174 0.247
Single-family attached 23300 32200 1.6 2.4 1500.000 0.176 0.244
Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units 17700 24400 1.9 1.7 894.737 0.225 0.310
Apartments in buildings with 5 or more units 15600 15400 5.3 4.4 830.189 0.213 0.211

From the CEC Electricity Consumption by County webpage, https://ecdms.energy.ca.gov/elecbycounty.aspx the total electricity consumption of total, residential, and non-residential buildings are as follows.

CEC total electricity usage in LA county (million kwh)
County Sector Total Usage Gwh
LOS ANGELES Non-Residential 47361.08
LOS ANGELES Residential 20525.59
LOS ANGELES Total 67886.67
Total consumption of all building types, restricted to neighborhoods with valid data
energy.Gwh elec.Gwh gas.Gwh
109656.7 69082.96 40573.74
Total consumption of residential buildings
energy.Gwh elec.Gwh gas.Gwh
35532.74 18015.32 17517.42

Compare with EnergyAtlas residential building stock, with masked data removed

Join neighborhood or census tract with building.

Restrict to single and multi-family

Remove neighborhood or census tract with masked data or zero sqft with single or multi family usetypes.

We have slightly higher single-to-multi-family ratio

Compare Xuan’s total building area in census tract with mine and EnergyAtlas

Xuan seems to produce grid-level normalized results by normalizing against total building footprint area (the ‘floor_area’ in https://github.com/LBNL-ETA/im3-wrf/blob/main/4_post_process.ipynb)

BLD_ID OBJECTID GEOID UseCode14 area_sqft total_area_sqft NoStorey building.type
420202853242 2043575 06037262200 101 6023.945 18071.836 3 SF
422275850158 2043577 06037262200 100 3861.748 15446.990 4 SF
420478850222 2043578 06037262200 101 4253.414 8506.828 2 SF
420782850906 2043788 06037262200 101 6194.920 6194.920 1 SF
420771853132 2043789 06037262200 101 4855.203 14565.610 3 SF
419962851791 2043791 06037262200 100 4095.238 12285.713 3 SF

We take both the “area_sqft” and “total_area_sqft” column and do the comparison. In Xuan’s code “area_sqft” means building footprint size, “area_sqft_total” means building size

Compare the census tract level total building size between EnergyAtlas and simulation for single and multi-family buildings, restricted to the census tracts with data in both data sources

## Reading layer `tl_2019_06_tract' from data source 
##   `/Users/yujiex/Dropbox/workLBNL/EESA/code/im3-wrf/domain/tl_2019_06_tract/tl_2019_06_tract.shp' 
##   using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 8057 features and 12 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: -124.482 ymin: 32.52883 xmax: -114.1312 ymax: 42.0095
## CRS:           4269
## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing missing values (geom_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 40 rows containing non-finite values (stat_poly_line).
## Warning: Removed 40 rows containing non-finite values (stat_poly_eq).
## Warning: Removed 40 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing non-finite values (stat_poly_line).
## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing non-finite values (stat_poly_eq).
## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Following is the same set of plots but without removal of outliers

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing missing values (geom_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_smooth).

Exploring the outliers

## [1] "single and multi-family homes"
##               BLD_ID         OBJECTID               GEOID         UseCode14    
##  2014112845370000:    1   Min.   :2282050   06037117301: 1399   100    :13422  
##  2014112845440000:    1   1st Qu.:2342849   06037109601: 1392   101    : 4208  
##  2014112845520000:    1   Median :2423767   06037119700: 1368   01DC   :  923  
##  2014112845920000:    1   Mean   :2425188   06037120300: 1363   010C   :  370  
##  2014112845970000:    1   3rd Qu.:2507125   06037117404: 1349   200    :  348  
##  2014112846020000:    1   Max.   :2890559   06037117303: 1249   901    :  281  
##  (Other)         :20627                     (Other)    :12513   (Other): 1081  
##    area_sqft     total_area_sqft        NoStorey       building.type
##  Min.   :  500   Min.   :5.110e+02   Min.   :      1   MF: 1282     
##  1st Qu.: 1658   1st Qu.:3.871e+09   1st Qu.:2319618   SF:19351     
##  Median : 2199   Median :5.264e+09   Median :2419380                
##  Mean   : 2337   Mean   :5.540e+09   Mean   :2364391                
##  3rd Qu.: 2696   3rd Qu.:6.540e+09   3rd Qu.:2505152                
##  Max.   :48860   Max.   :1.127e+11   Max.   :2890559                
## 
## [1] "restricted to single family homes"
##               BLD_ID         OBJECTID               GEOID         UseCode14    
##  2014112845370000:    1   Min.   :2282050   06037117301: 1397   100    :13422  
##  2014112845440000:    1   1st Qu.:2342846   06037109601: 1382   101    : 4208  
##  2014112845520000:    1   Median :2423862   06037119700: 1332   01DC   :  923  
##  2014112845920000:    1   Mean   :2425492   06037117404: 1325   010C   :  370  
##  2014112846030000:    1   3rd Qu.:2507674   06037120300: 1306   108    :  147  
##  2014112846060000:    1   Max.   :2890559   06037117303: 1246   012C   :   87  
##  (Other)         :19345                     (Other)    :11363   (Other):  194  
##    area_sqft     total_area_sqft        NoStorey       building.type
##  Min.   :  500   Min.   :5.110e+02   Min.   :      1   SF:19351     
##  1st Qu.: 1664   1st Qu.:3.879e+09   1st Qu.:2319555                
##  Median : 2200   Median :5.270e+09   Median :2418833                
##  Mean   : 2225   Mean   :5.260e+09   Mean   :2360667                
##  3rd Qu.: 2688   3rd Qu.:6.519e+09   3rd Qu.:2505658                
##  Max.   :48860   Max.   :1.127e+11   Max.   :2890559                
##

The number of floors are very large.

Compare the census tract level kwh usage between EnergyAtlas and simulation for single and multi-family buildings, restricted to the census tracts with data in both data sources

Compare the neighborhood level total building size between EnergyAtlas and simulation for single and multi-family buildings, restricted to the neighborhodds with data in both data sources

## Reading layer `neighborhoods' from data source 
##   `/Users/yujiex/Dropbox/workLBNL/EESA/code/im3-wrf/energyAtlas/Neighborhood/neighborhoods/neighborhoods.shp' 
##   using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 476 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: -306628 ymin: -604427.3 xmax: 289125.5 ymax: 97257.92
## CRS:           3310
## Reading layer `grid_with_building' from data source 
##   `/Users/yujiex/Dropbox/workLBNL/EESA/code/im3-wrf/grid_with_building.geojson' 
##   using driver `GeoJSON'
## Simple feature collection with 62 features and 3 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: -118.885 ymin: 33.24275 xmax: -117.5225 ymax: 34.707
## CRS:           4326

Compare the neighborhood level kwh usage between EnergyAtlas and simulation for single and multi-family buildings, restricted to the neighborhodds with data in both data sources