| usetype | vintage | fuel | IECC_res_9-5 | SangHoon | simulation | simulation.over.ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MultiFamily | 1981-2008 (2004) | Electricity | 0.183 | NA | 0.166 | 0.905 |
| MultiFamily | 1981-2008 (2004) | Gas | 0.194 | NA | 0.173 | 0.893 |
| MultiFamily | after 2008 (2013) | Electricity | 0.167 | NA | 0.149 | 0.894 |
| MultiFamily | after 2008 (2013) | Gas | 0.159 | NA | 0.148 | 0.929 |
| MultiFamily | before 1980 | Electricity | NA | NA | 0.219 | NA |
| MultiFamily | before 1980 | Gas | NA | NA | 0.215 | NA |
| SingleFamily | 1981-2008 (2004) | Electricity | 0.170 | NA | 0.102 | 0.600 |
| SingleFamily | 1981-2008 (2004) | Gas | 0.223 | NA | 0.125 | 0.562 |
| SingleFamily | after 2008 (2013) | Electricity | 0.141 | NA | 0.080 | 0.566 |
| SingleFamily | after 2008 (2013) | Gas | 0.141 | NA | 0.082 | 0.581 |
| SingleFamily | before 1980 | Electricity | NA | 0.163 | 0.167 | 1.023 |
| SingleFamily | before 1980 | Gas | NA | 0.138 | 0.154 | 1.120 |
From the comparison above with PNNL reference models and SangHoon’s model for the pre-1980 single-family homes, our simulation results are either equal or lower than the reference models.
According to this https://portfoliomanager.energystar.gov/pdf/reference/US%20National%20Median%20Table.pdf, Multifamily Housing has a site EUI of 59.6 kBtu/sqft, which is about 0.68 GJ/m2, about twice of the reference models and our simulation.
According to RECS West region energy usage in https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/c&e/pdf/ce2.5.pdf table and building size in https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2015/hc/php/hc10.5.php, the site electricity and gas consumption is as follows. The consumption are higher than the PNNL and our simulation results.
| building.type | Electricity.kBtu | Gas.kBtu | million.housing.units | billion.sqft | avg.building.sqft | Electricity.GJ.per.m2 | Gas.GJ.per.m2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single-family detached | 35200 | 49900 | 16.2 | 37.2 | 2296.296 | 0.174 | 0.247 |
| Single-family attached | 23300 | 32200 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 1500.000 | 0.176 | 0.244 |
| Apartments in buildings with 2–4 units | 17700 | 24400 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 894.737 | 0.225 | 0.310 |
| Apartments in buildings with 5 or more units | 15600 | 15400 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 830.189 | 0.213 | 0.211 |
From the CEC Electricity Consumption by County webpage, https://ecdms.energy.ca.gov/elecbycounty.aspx the total electricity consumption of total, residential, and non-residential buildings are as follows.
| County | Sector | Total Usage Gwh |
|---|---|---|
| LOS ANGELES | Non-Residential | 47361.08 |
| LOS ANGELES | Residential | 20525.59 |
| LOS ANGELES | Total | 67886.67 |
| energy.Gwh | elec.Gwh | gas.Gwh |
|---|---|---|
| 109656.7 | 69082.96 | 40573.74 |
| energy.Gwh | elec.Gwh | gas.Gwh |
|---|---|---|
| 35532.74 | 18015.32 | 17517.42 |
Join neighborhood or census tract with building.
Restrict to single and multi-family
Remove neighborhood or census tract with masked data or zero sqft with single or multi family usetypes.
We have slightly higher single-to-multi-family ratio
Xuan seems to produce grid-level normalized results by normalizing against total building footprint area (the ‘floor_area’ in https://github.com/LBNL-ETA/im3-wrf/blob/main/4_post_process.ipynb)
| BLD_ID | OBJECTID | GEOID | UseCode14 | area_sqft | total_area_sqft | NoStorey | building.type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 420202853242 | 2043575 | 06037262200 | 101 | 6023.945 | 18071.836 | 3 | SF |
| 422275850158 | 2043577 | 06037262200 | 100 | 3861.748 | 15446.990 | 4 | SF |
| 420478850222 | 2043578 | 06037262200 | 101 | 4253.414 | 8506.828 | 2 | SF |
| 420782850906 | 2043788 | 06037262200 | 101 | 6194.920 | 6194.920 | 1 | SF |
| 420771853132 | 2043789 | 06037262200 | 101 | 4855.203 | 14565.610 | 3 | SF |
| 419962851791 | 2043791 | 06037262200 | 100 | 4095.238 | 12285.713 | 3 | SF |
We take both the “area_sqft” and “total_area_sqft” column and do the comparison. In Xuan’s code “area_sqft” means building footprint size, “area_sqft_total” means building size
## Reading layer `tl_2019_06_tract' from data source
## `/Users/yujiex/Dropbox/workLBNL/EESA/code/im3-wrf/domain/tl_2019_06_tract/tl_2019_06_tract.shp'
## using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 8057 features and 12 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension: XY
## Bounding box: xmin: -124.482 ymin: 32.52883 xmax: -114.1312 ymax: 42.0095
## CRS: 4269
## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing missing values (geom_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 40 rows containing non-finite values (stat_poly_line).
## Warning: Removed 40 rows containing non-finite values (stat_poly_eq).
## Warning: Removed 40 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing non-finite values (stat_poly_line).
## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing non-finite values (stat_poly_eq).
## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
Following is the same set of plots but without removal of outliers
## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing missing values (geom_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_smooth).
Exploring the outliers
## [1] "single and multi-family homes"
## BLD_ID OBJECTID GEOID UseCode14
## 2014112845370000: 1 Min. :2282050 06037117301: 1399 100 :13422
## 2014112845440000: 1 1st Qu.:2342849 06037109601: 1392 101 : 4208
## 2014112845520000: 1 Median :2423767 06037119700: 1368 01DC : 923
## 2014112845920000: 1 Mean :2425188 06037120300: 1363 010C : 370
## 2014112845970000: 1 3rd Qu.:2507125 06037117404: 1349 200 : 348
## 2014112846020000: 1 Max. :2890559 06037117303: 1249 901 : 281
## (Other) :20627 (Other) :12513 (Other): 1081
## area_sqft total_area_sqft NoStorey building.type
## Min. : 500 Min. :5.110e+02 Min. : 1 MF: 1282
## 1st Qu.: 1658 1st Qu.:3.871e+09 1st Qu.:2319618 SF:19351
## Median : 2199 Median :5.264e+09 Median :2419380
## Mean : 2337 Mean :5.540e+09 Mean :2364391
## 3rd Qu.: 2696 3rd Qu.:6.540e+09 3rd Qu.:2505152
## Max. :48860 Max. :1.127e+11 Max. :2890559
##
## [1] "restricted to single family homes"
## BLD_ID OBJECTID GEOID UseCode14
## 2014112845370000: 1 Min. :2282050 06037117301: 1397 100 :13422
## 2014112845440000: 1 1st Qu.:2342846 06037109601: 1382 101 : 4208
## 2014112845520000: 1 Median :2423862 06037119700: 1332 01DC : 923
## 2014112845920000: 1 Mean :2425492 06037117404: 1325 010C : 370
## 2014112846030000: 1 3rd Qu.:2507674 06037120300: 1306 108 : 147
## 2014112846060000: 1 Max. :2890559 06037117303: 1246 012C : 87
## (Other) :19345 (Other) :11363 (Other): 194
## area_sqft total_area_sqft NoStorey building.type
## Min. : 500 Min. :5.110e+02 Min. : 1 SF:19351
## 1st Qu.: 1664 1st Qu.:3.879e+09 1st Qu.:2319555
## Median : 2200 Median :5.270e+09 Median :2418833
## Mean : 2225 Mean :5.260e+09 Mean :2360667
## 3rd Qu.: 2688 3rd Qu.:6.519e+09 3rd Qu.:2505658
## Max. :48860 Max. :1.127e+11 Max. :2890559
##
The number of floors are very large.
## Reading layer `neighborhoods' from data source
## `/Users/yujiex/Dropbox/workLBNL/EESA/code/im3-wrf/energyAtlas/Neighborhood/neighborhoods/neighborhoods.shp'
## using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 476 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension: XY
## Bounding box: xmin: -306628 ymin: -604427.3 xmax: 289125.5 ymax: 97257.92
## CRS: 3310
## Reading layer `grid_with_building' from data source
## `/Users/yujiex/Dropbox/workLBNL/EESA/code/im3-wrf/grid_with_building.geojson'
## using driver `GeoJSON'
## Simple feature collection with 62 features and 3 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension: XY
## Bounding box: xmin: -118.885 ymin: 33.24275 xmax: -117.5225 ymax: 34.707
## CRS: 4326